இந்திய பங்கு சந்தை எவ்வாறு வேலை செய்கிறது

India has two main stock exchanges — the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), founded in 1875 and Asia's oldest, and the National Stock Exchange (NSE), founded in 1992. Both are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), which protects investors and oversees market integrity.

இந்தியாவில் இரண்டு முக்கிய பங்கு சந்தைகள் உள்ளன — Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), 1875-இல் நிறுவப்பட்டது, ஆசியாவில் பழமையானது; மற்றும் National Stock Exchange (NSE), 1992-இல் நிறுவப்பட்டது. இரண்டையும் Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) ஒழுங்குபடுத்துகிறது.

What is a "share"?

When a company needs to raise large amounts of money — to expand, build factories, hire — it can sell pieces of itself to the public through an Initial Public Offering (IPO). Each "share" is a tiny ownership slice. As a shareholder, you have a claim on the company's assets and profits proportional to the number of shares you hold. Shares can then be traded among investors on a stock exchange.

Sensex and Nifty 50 — what do they measure?

Sensex (BSE's flagship index) and Nifty 50 (NSE's) are weighted baskets of large, well-established companies. Sensex tracks 30 stocks; Nifty 50 tracks 50. When you hear "Sensex hit a record high", it means the average price of those 30 large companies, weighted by their market cap, has reached a new peak. They are barometers of the broader Indian economy.

How buying and selling works

Once you place a buy order, the exchange matches it with a seller at the agreed price. Settlement now happens on T+1 — one trading day after the trade. The shares appear in your Demat account; the cash leaves yours.

Market timings

Types of investors

Retail investors are individuals like you and me. Domestic Institutional Investors (DIIs) include mutual funds, insurance companies, and pension funds. Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) are overseas funds — their buying or selling can move markets significantly because of the size of their orders.

Mutual funds — the easier route

A mutual fund pools money from many investors and invests across many stocks. You don't need to pick individual stocks — a fund manager does it for you. Index funds passively track Nifty 50 or Sensex; actively managed funds try to beat them. Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) let you invest a fixed amount monthly — discipline replaces market-timing.

Investing is a long-term game. Time in the market beats timing the market. Begin small, learn how prices move, diversify across companies and sectors, and never invest borrowed money in equities.